
Dominantnost si mnogi napačno razlagajo, eni jo enačijo z brutalnostjo drugi z nenaravnim razvajanjem živali. Bliže pravemu odnosu človek-konj je izraz avtoriteta, ki je lastnost, s katero lahko človek doseže ugled in tudi zaupanje. Dominantnost pa je bolj odnos nadrejenega do podrejenega in vsebuje čustva, kot so strah, zaupanje, spoštovanje, prijateljstvo, veselje in jezo.
Od podrejenega se zahteva poslušnost, zaupanje in spoštovanje, medtem ko se mora nadrejeni izkazati s suverenostjo in preračunljivostjo. Tu pa za se za mnoge pojavi težava in ker ne vedo, kako naj konja nadvladajo, sežejo po biču ali ga podkupujejo s sladkarijami in drugimi priboljški. Oba načina sta zgrešena, ker konj ne razume človeške logike. Pri prvem načinu lahko konj v ekstremnih primerih reagira panično, pri drugem pa pogosto postane zloben.
Kljub temu konj vedno potegne »ta kratko«, ker se človek zaradi svoje nemoči, jeze, razočaranja in resignacije, ker si ga ne more podrediti tako, kot bi si želel, znaša nad njim. Moški to izražajo s pretirano strogostjo, ženske pa s histerijo, ugotavlja tuji strokovnjak, ki v svojih tečajih uči, kako bi naj človek konja bolje razumel, ne pa da prehitro izgubi živce. Prepričan je, da konji razumejo ja in ne, nikoli pa mogoče.
Dominantnost oziroma podrejenost je človeku že prirojena lastnost. Lahko pa si izrazno moč v določeni meri tudi pridobi s treningom. Če je človek pri konju uspešen, postane tudi sam bolj miren in samozavesten.
Nekdo brez dominantnih lastnosti, poišče pomoč v vsem, kar naj bi mu zagotavljajo psihično prevlado nad konjem: električne naprave, stroge brzde, in še kaj, ter misli, da bo na tak način dosegel želeni cilj, kar pa je velika zmota. Dominantnost nad konjem je v umetnosti suverenih, majhnih kretenj, ki jih konj zna pravilno »prebrati« le, če so dane v pravem trenutku. Če teh kretenj ni, ostane konj zgoraj in človek spodaj.
Konji neusmiljeno odkrijejo pomanjkanje vodstvenih sposobnosti. Gre za to, da je človek sposoben ustvariti ravnotežje med sproščenim vodenjem konja na dolgih vajetih in avtoritativnem vodenju na kratkih vajetih. Natančna navodila bo konj hitro razumel in spoštoval. Seveda mora človek vedeti, kaj od konja pravzaprav hoče. Zmedeno gestikuliranje in neodločne ukaze bo konj zavrnil ali jih ignoriral.
Če pri delu s konjem kaj ne gre, kot bi moralo, je vedno kriv človek. Žal je tudi pri medčloveških odnosih tako, da po navadi šefi iščejo krivdo pri sodelavcih. S konji pa tako ne gre. Če se torej nek šef ali direktor odloči za nakup konja, bo moral slej ko prej spremeniti svoj odnos. Pozitivne izkušnje z živaljo bo lahko uspešno uporabil tudi v službi. So tudi ljudje, ki v življenju nimajo nobene vodilne vloge, zato hočejo to kompenzirati pri konju. Na hitro si ga želijo podrediti, vendar jim tudi tam po navadi spodleti. Preprost in zelo razširjen primer nerazumevanja konja je npr. ko se konj človeku približa in se ga želi z usti dotakniti, a doživi neprijazen sprejem. Seveda ne bi bilo prav, da bi konju dovolili, da bi šaril po vas, kadar bi se mu zljubilo, toda, če vas kdaj želi prijazno pozdraviti, mu tega ne odrecite, ker s tem ne boste izgubili svoje veljave. Če je vaš odnos s konjem jasen, to je, da vas ima konj za gospodarja, mu lahko celo dovolite, da se kdaj na terenu on odloči ali bosta zavila levo ali desno. Toda, kadar daste vi ukaz, mora seveda ubogati.
Mnogi jezdeci živijo v nenehnem strahu, da jih hoče konj prelisičiti. To je neumno, kajti konj nima psihičnih sposobnosti, da bi se iz nekoga delal norca. Vedno pogosteje se dogaja, da ljudje konju pripisujejo logično, abstraktno razmišljanje in ga enačijo s človekom Tako postane ali razvajenček ali prava zverina. Vprašljive so tudi izjave: »Konj čuti mojo žalost« ali »Včasih potrebuje kakšen udarec«. Ne smemo namreč pozabiti, da se konji učijo le s povezavo dejanja in takojšnje kazni ali pohvale. Zapomni si tudi prostor oziroma okolje, kjer je imel negativno ali pozitivno izkušnjo. Ker ima neverjetno dober spomin, so lahko takšne izkušnje zapisane v njegovem spominu vse življenje. Če mu jih s primernim treningom ne izbijete iz glave, vas bo vedno znova spravljal ob živce – npr. takoj ko ga zvabite v prikolico, je že zopet zunaj.
Do nadaljnjih nesporazumov pride tudi zato, ker konji prepoznajo tudi najfinejše človekove signale. Tako takoj zaznajo ali nekdo ob njihovem gibu z glavo od straha zadrži dih ali se z zgornjim delom telesa umakne oziroma, da pred njimi mirno in neustrašno stoji.
Se sreča, da so konji, ki sicer čustveno reagirajo, precej preproste pameti, sicer jih sploh ne bi mogli trenirati – pa naj bo po metodi Pat Parellija, Montya Robertsa ali Linde Tellington-Jones. Konjevo obnašanje lahko vedno predvidimo, kar olajša pot do gospodarja, seveda pod pogojem, da človek dosledno spoštuje nekatera pravila. Zelo pomembno pravilo je npr., da, kadarkoli od konja nekaj zahtevate, morate od njega prejeti povratno informacijo, to je odgovor. Če na tem ne vztrajate, se ne smete čuditi, če vas konj ne bo resno jemal. Torej, če akcija ne sproži reakcije, je bila lekcija brezkoristna ali škodljiva.
V primeru, da teh pravil pri vsakdanjem delu s konjem ne spoštujete, postanete kmalu nemočni in iz čiste jeze se prehitro in brez potrebe znesete nad konjem. Nasilje se začne, ko se konča znanje. Glede sile pa ima konj vedno boljše argumente, zato ne sme nikoli spoznati, da je od vas v resnici mnogo močnejši. Včasih se morate zato svoji dominantni vlogi tudi odpovedati, npr. ko ob prometni cesti konj postane paničen, je nesmiselno iz sedla doseči, da vas bo poslušal (to je za vas lahko usodno), ampak raje razjahajte in ga odpeljite na mirnejši kraj.
J.V.
Kakšen je pristop nekaterih tujih trenerjev do konj?
- »Sem proti pretirani uporabi ostrog, biča in strogih brzd. Ker konj uboga samo tistega, ki je po hierarhični lestvici močnejši od njega, moram postati njegov vodja. Šele na osnovi spoštovanja lahko postane moj prijatelj. Ob meni mora čutiti avtoriteto in varnost. Kot človek moram v konju najprej vzbuditi strah, da postane pozoren, nikoli pa mu pri tem ne smem povzročiti bolečine ali panike, ker bi me v tem primeru imel za sovražnika. Jahači, ki s svojimi konji delajo tako, da se jih ti nenehno bojijo, imajo na splošno z njimi manj težav, kot tisti, ki jih zasipajo z ljubeznijo – konji takšne ljudi uvrstijo med sebi podrejene. Da bi me konj sprejel za gospodarja, delam z njim najprej na tleh. Ko ga vodim, mora vedno stopati za mano. Če me hoče prehiteti, ga prestrašim z nenadnim korakom nazaj, z migom ramena, udarcem noge ob tla, pač glede na konjevo občutljivost. Takoj ko konj reagira, mu pokažem, da ni nobene nevarnosti, za to pa uporabim nizek »hoho« in na začetku tudi korenček, kasneje pa je že glas dovolj kot pohvala. Ko sprejme mojo dominantno vlogo na tleh, se povzpnem v sedlo, vendar ni nujno, da bo konj enako ubogljiv. »Pokvarjene« konje »popravim« tako, da jih jaham v koraku v krogu, ki postaja vedno ožji in s potegom vajeti poskušam glavo in vrat ukriviti v notranjo smer kroga. Ko konj reagira že na rahel poteg z dvema prstoma, vajo končam. Pred tem je dobro dobiti veterinarjevo zagotovilo, da konj nima telesnih bolečin – tudi zaradi sedla.«
- »Pri treningu se mora konj naučiti, da človeka opazuje, se mu umakne in mu sledi, enako kot se umakne vodilni kobili v čredi, obenem pa ji sledi čez nepoznan teren. V tečajih treniram tako ljudi kot konje. Lastnik mora s svojim konjem eno uro delati v okrogli maneži, konja pošilja stran od sebe in ga ponovno pokliče.«
- »Vaje na tleh so vodenje, ustavljanje, odstopanje in stopanje vstran. V pomoč so mi oglavnica, za bolj trmaste konje pa kapcam, vrv in bič. Zelo pomembno je prav ustavljanje in stoja na mestu in sicer povsod, tudi na terenu. Če se konj prestopi ga z nizkim »stooj« ali »ooo« opozorim in potegnem za oglavnico. Ko konj stoji, pritisk takoj popustim. Na začetku naj stoji par minut, nato pa tudi do 20 minut. Najprej stojim tik ob konju, nato razdaljo povečujem. Potrpežljivi morate biti, četudi konj poplesuje okrog vas, ne želi vas jeziti, ampak se pač po konjsko obnaša. Vpitje in živčne reakcije bo razumel kot vašo slabost. Raje globoko vdihnite in konja mirno popravite. Takoj po doseženem uspehu, z vajo prenehajte. Ko konja vodite nazaj v hlev, mora biti vedno za vami. Če vas prehiti, je bila predhodna vaja, učenje stoje na mestu, zaman.«
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