Poškodbe in rane

Poškodbe in rane

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Konji so zelo radovedne in igrive živali, tako da se tekom svojega življenja lahko pogosto poškodujejo, še predvsem, če jih zadržujemo v neustreznih in nevarno grajenih hlevih in ogradah, kjer iz opreme in gradbenega materiala štrlijo ostri deli (žeblji, žice, les…).

Poškodba pomeni značilne spremembe tkiva, ki so vidne že s prostim očesom. Poškodbe so lahko zaprte, če koža in sluznice niso prekinjene in pa odprte, pri katerih je prisotna rana. Rano imenujemo vsako nasilno prekinitev celovitosti kože in sluznic in lahko zajema le povrhnja ali tudi globoka telesna tkiva. Odprte poškodbe so nevarnejše, saj so vedno okužene in predstavljajo odprta vrata za širjenje okužbe po tkivih, če jih ustrezno ne oskrbimo.

Neustrezno oskrbovane rane, ki nastanejo ob poškodbi, pa naj bodo še tako neznatne,  so lahko tako krivec za kasnejše različne zdravstvene komplikacije konja: hudo vnetje, odmiranje tkiva, prekomerno granulacijo, spremembe v splošnem zdravstvenem stanju živali, zastrupitev in celo pogin.

Vsako rano je potrebno vedno oskrbeti, če se želimo izogniti naštetim neprijetnim posledicam. Takoj oziroma čim prej po nastanku rane sami poskusimo presoditi, ali je poškodba takšna, da se bo rana lahko uspešno zacelila le ob domači negi, torej tisti, ki jo lahko nudimo sami ali je za oskrbo rane potreben obisk veterinarja.

Vsak oster ali top predmet glede na obliko, velikost, silo, kot delovanja in druge pogoje povzroči rano določenega videza in morfoloških značilnosti in tako lahko rane na splošno delimo na več skupin. Najpogostejše oblike ran, ki se pojavljajo pri domačih živalih so odrgnine, vreznine, raztrganine, ugriznine in vbodnine. Naj vsako na kratko opišem.

Odrgnine: če se žival odrgne ali oprasne po trdem ali robatem predmetu. Nastane površinska rana, pri kateri je poškodovana le koža oziroma njena zgornja dela povrhnjica in del usnjice. Takšne rane se navadno hitro zacelijo s pospešenim naravnim nadomeščanjem odmrlih celic; praviloma je prisotna kapilarna krvavitev, ki se hitro spontano ustavi.

Vreznine: so rane povzročene z ostrim predmetom. Rane so po globini različne in poleg kože in podkožja so pogosto poškodovane tudi globlje ležeče strukture in tkiva. Prepoznamo jih po gladkih, ravnih robovih rane, ki jih v večini primerov povzroči ostrina noža, stekla, pločevine, ostri robovi kovinske opreme, ostra trava… Vreznine močno krvavijo.

Raztrganine: prepoznamo po nepravilnih oblikah in deloma odmrlem tkivu. Lahko so različno globoke, s številnimi žepi in tuneli, kateri so izpolnjeni z mrtvim tkivom, strjeno krvjo in tujki. V takšnih ranah je idealno okolje za pomnoževanje bakterij, ki zelo pogosto povzročijo vnetje.

Ugriznine: so posledica ugriza različnih živali (pes, konj, divja žival). Zaradi velikega števila kužnih klic v ustni votlini je velika možnost okužbe. Okužba se lahko hitro širi v globino in povzroča razkroj mišičnih ovojnic, kit, sklepov in kosti.

Vbodnine: povzročajo štrleči žeblji, žice, trske, osti, igle in lahko segajo globoko v tkivo. Takšne rane se pogosto na površini zaprejo in navzven ne krvavijo, v notranjih plasteh pa nastane anaerobno področje (brez kisika) in lahko se razvije za konja zelo nevarna bolezen, tetanus. Pri konjih tako nobene vbodne rane ne smemo podcenjevati, zato je obisk veterinarja v preventivne namene v takih primerih zelo dobrodošel.

Vsem ranam je skupna krvavitev in nevarnost vdora mikroorganizmov. Ker je vsak predmet, ki povzroči rano, okužen, je možnost pojava vnetja in gnojenja rane zelo velika, zato je znanje o pravilni oskrbi ran, celjenju, posledicah in zapletih zelo pomembno.

Pri oskrbi rane je potrebno upoštevati splošna navodila za oskrbo. Manjše površinske rane lahko sami očistimo s hladno tekočo vodo ali prekuhano vodo in zaščitimo z nanosom preparata, ki barierno preprečuje stik rane z umazanijo iz okolja in insekti, ki bi lahko rano ponovno onesnažili in okužili. Pri površinskih ranah se antibiotičnim pripravkom izogibamo, saj bomo z njihovo uporabo ustvarjali le nove seve bakterij, ki bodo odporni proti antibiotikom.  Če se rana nahaja na takšnem mestu, da si je konj ne bo mogel onečediti z umazanijo, blatom, iztrebki…,  rane niti ni potrebno obvezovati, kajti rana se na soncu in svežem zraku celi bolje in hitreje kot povita rana, kjer se pod gazo lahko nabira vnetni izcedek, ki rano mehča, hkrati pa predstavlja dober vir hranilnih snovi za pomnoževanje bakterij.

Pri poškodbah z obsežnejšimi in globokimi ranami pa strokovno oskrbo rane raje prepustimo veterinarju.

Ravno zaradi pogostih površinskih poškodb in ran pri konjih, kakor tudi drugih domačih živalih, smo v podjetju  Lek Veterina d.o.o. vpeljali nov izdelek za izboljšanje zdravja domačih živali – Dermo Spray, prašek za nego poškodovane, obolele in občutljive kože, s katerim boste uspešno preprečevali infekcije ran in po drugi strani podprli njihovo celjenje.

Dermo Spray prašek za nego kože je skrbno sestavljen negovalni kompleks z edinstveno sestavo, origanovim oljem in cinkovim oksidom (ZnO) in združuje moč naravnih mineralov in rastlin.

Dermo Spray:

 

  • deluje antiseptično in preprečuje infekcije ran
  • pospešuje celjenje ran
  • omogoča mehansko zaščito poškodovane kože
  • blaži vnetje občutljive kože
  • blaži srbenje in občutek napetosti – zmanjša se želja po drgnjenju
  • deluje repelentno – koža je manj privlačna za muhe in komarje

Dermo Spray ne vsebuje antibiotika!

 

Pripravila: Mateja Ratiznojnik, dr.vet.med.

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