Kopito

Kopito

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Vsebina na strani 2

Pri kopitu gledanem s strani (kot na zgornji sliki) in primerjavi dolžine kopitne stene med sprednjim in zadnjim delom je dolžina stene na petah praviloma 1/3 dolžine “prsta”  (“konice”). Če je daljša imamo vertikalizacijo kopitne stene, če krajša so kopita preveč obrezana oz. obrabljena. Kopitna stena v prednjem delu in na petah morata biti med sabo paralelni.

Koti med sprednjo linijo kopita in tlemi so okvirno nekje  45 – 50° na sprednjih kopitih, ter 50 – 55° na zadnjih.

V resnici pa je “pravilen kot kopitne stene” odvisen od vrste konja in posameznega primera. Za pravilnega se sprejema tak kot, ki ne “zlomi” črte, ki bi jo teoretično povlekli od kopita mimo srednje in zgornje prstnice.

Podplat je roževinasta ploskev, ki pokriva spodnji del kopita, konkaven med strelo in steno.  Raste počasneje od stene in ni namenjen nošenju teže živali. Pri tankem in ploskem podplatu so pogost problem udarnine.

UDARNINE so posledice udarcev, ki jih konj prejema ob gibanju po trdi podlagi oz. kamenju.

Odvisno od količine in moči udarcev se lahko zgodi, da se pod podplatom naredi udarnina – posledica je “edem” in manjše/večje  izlitje krvi.

Udarnine podplata pripeljejo do nenadnega šepanja živali brez drugih vidnih sprememb. Ob naslednjem obrezovanju se poznajo rdeče črtice (v hujših primerih lise) na podplatu (rdeča barva se pojavi zaradi prehoda hemoglobina v roževino). Hude in nezdravljene udarnine pogosto pripeljejo do abscesov, ki si lahko sami poiščejo pot izhoda na “kroni” ali na streli, lahko pa se odprejo ob obrezovanju kopita. Obvezno jih je potrebno odpreti, sčistiti in razkužiti, zaščititi odprtino ter konju predpisati primerno antibiotsko terapijo. Če se jih ne oskrbi povzročajo veliko bolečino in se pogosto zakomplicirajo z bakterijskim vnetjem “živih delov – tudi kosti” in laminitisom.

V osnovi je potrebno rešiti problem “tankega oziroma preobčutljivega” podplata – tak konj je težko bos in potrebno je razmisliti o kovanju. Pojav je prisoten tudi pri kovanih konjih (najpogostejši razlog je udarec podplata ob kamen oz. trd teren = asfalt, makadamska cesta, kamnita podlaga);  dodatno pa se lahko podplat zaščiti z raznimi vložki (usnje, umetne mase), ki se ga pritrdi med podkev in steno kopita.

Bela linija je sestavljena iz tanke, mehke, svetle, belo – sivo obarvane roževine. Je del kjer se stikata kopitna stena in podplat.

V belo črto pogosto zaidejo kamenčki. Če jih ne opazimo in ne sčistimo se z gibanjem živali premikajo v smeri navzgor (če pridejo v stik z živimi deli kopita lahko povzročijo abscese).

Strela je podobna trdi gumi (50% vode). Njen namen je “stabilizirati” kopito ob pristanku na tla in omejiti zdrs. To je del kopita, ki se ob pristanku praviloma dotika tal. Če je nerazvita, suha, preveč ploska ali obrabljena se posledično zmanjša in omeji elaterij.

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