Na kaj paziti, ko kupujemo sedlo?

Na kaj paziti, ko kupujemo sedlo?

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Umetnost prilagajanja sedla tako konju kot tudi jahaču je nekaj, česar se ne da razložiti v nekaj stavkih; vsak dan se je moč česa naučiti, saj vsaka stranka prinese s seboj kaj novega, kar je treba upoštevati.

“Dobro in pravilno prilagojeno sedlo je izjemnega pomena za uspeh tako konja kot tudi jahača. Kakršen koli tip sedla je izbran, najbolj je pomembno da se dobro prilega tako konju kot tudi jahaču. Da bi preverili, če je temu res tako, ni dovolj, da se jahač usede nanj, temveč je potrebno sedlo namestiti na konja, njegovo prileganje pa preučiti pred nakupom. Slabo prilegajoče se sedlo ne povzroča le neugodja konju in jahaču, temveč lahko dejansko prepreči konju, da bi se gibal pravilno. Sedelno ogrodje in sedelne blazine morajo biti izbrani tako, da se prilegajo konju; sedišče in dolžina “listov” pa morajo biti izbrani tako, da se prilegajo jahaču.!” (1)

Vsak jahač jaha po občutku, in vendar se sedla večinoma kupuje z očmi. Vizualni vtisi pa so lahko zavajajoči – včasih je sedlo, ki izgleda najožje, dejansko občutiti kot zelo široko, ali obratno. Oko se osredotoča na širino šivov za sedelnim glavičem, med tem ko se jahač osredotoča na občutek med nogami. Zato pravimo, da se kupuje z očmi, jaha pa po občutku.

Preprosta resnica je: če jahaču ni udobno v sedlu, tudi konju ne bo dolgo udobno, pa če se mu sedlo še tako dobro prilega. Sedla so izdelana po merah, izmerjenih z rokami in po občutku. A, paradoksalno, najpomembnejše mere so jahačeve, ne konjeve. Konj bo obliko svojega telesa spremenil 3 do 5-krat v času dozorevanja – te spremembe so lahko tako drastične, da moramo ali kupiti novo sedlo ali pa sedlo (sedelno ogrodje) ustrezno prilagoditi skladno z njimi. Ampak jahač bo (razen če pridobi ali izgubi več kot 20kg) ostal praktično nespremenjen.

Za prilagoditev sedla jahaču se uporablja 15 referenčnih parametrov, a le 11 referenčnih parametrov se rabi za prilagoditev sedla konju. Nekatere teh referenčnih točk so obrazložene v nadaljevanju.

Kvalitetnejša sedla so izdelana tako, da so prilagodljiva tem spremembam oblike konjevega telesa in ne jahača. To pomeni, če si ne kupimo primernega sedla zase že na začetku, le-to nikoli ne bo ustrezno za nas, ne glede koliko prilagoditev sedelnega ogrodja, sedišča, oblazinjenja itn. bo kasneje narejenih na sedlu. Sedla enostavno niso narejena tako.

Pravilen način merjenja velikosti sedla pri angleškem sedlu je od sedelnega žebljička ob strani glaviča do sredine naslona. Velikosti za odrasle se gibljejo med 16” in 19” (1“ = 1cola op.p.), pri čemer sta 17” in 17 ½” najpogostejši. Potrebno je preizkusiti več znamk in modelov, saj celo polovica cole lahko pomeni veliko razliko. Različne znamke enake velikosti se prav tako lahko občutijo različno. Poleg tega se sedelna ogrodja razlikujejo v širini, kjer je sedlo med našimi nogami, v globini sedišča ter v debelini oblazinjenja sedišča. Seveda so tu še različne modne muhe in popularni jahači, ki vplivajo na izbiro. Ko smo našli sedlo, ki se nam prilega in nam je v njem udobno, ga je potrebno preizkusiti na konju, da vidimo, kako se prilega njegovemu hrbtu.

Velikost sedla pa mora upoštevati ne le velikost jahača, temveč tudi dolžino konjevega hrbta. Sedelne blazine lahko precej pripomorejo k temu, da je konj na prvem mestu – na primer, ko imamo manjšega jahača (s 17” sedlom) in konja z zelo dolgim hrbtom, so lahko sedelne blazine podaljšane, da razporedijo težo dovolj daleč zadaj in zagotovijo uravnoteženost in udobje – sicer bo jahač sedel preveč spredaj, če upoštevmo le velikost njegovega sedišča.
Upoštevati moramo velikost sedelnega lista in njegovo namestitev – zato so nekatere anatomske meritve jahača pomembne, da zagotovimo primerno “pokritost” noge in primerno pozicioniranje jahačeve noge.

Pravilno nameščanje sedla na konja je izrednega pomena. Sedlo moramo položiti na konjev hrbet pri vihru in ga potisniti nazaj (da se dlaka poravna). Sedelno ogrodje mora nalegati za konjevimi lopaticami (zaželjeno je, da so konice sedelnega ogrodja usmerjene nazaj, kar omogoča svobodno gibanje konju v ramenih). Sredina sedla mora ležati horizontalno glede na tla, da bi bila zagotovljeno pravilno ležišče najglobje točke sedišča. Ko gledamo od zadaj, zlahka ugotovimo, če je sedlo naravnost. Med vihrom in glavičem sedla mora biti za 2 prsta prostora, saj bo ta razmak zmanjšan pod težo jahača in z zategovanjem sedelnega pasu. Ta prostor mora idealno biti enak tako nad, kot tudi ob straneh vihra, da se tako prepreči kakršenkoli pritisk sedla – to je nekaj, kar ni splošno znano oz. splošno sproštovano! (V predelu vihra so mnoga sedla občutno pretesna, kar povzroča izjemno neugodje. Veterinarji pravijo temu kleščni primež (ang.: vise grip, op.p.) na konjevem hrbtu – to je tudi mesto, kjer žrebec zgrabi kobilo in jo s tem demobilizira, ko skoči nanjo).

Sedlo se ne sme dotikati hrbtenice nikjer po svoji celotni dolžini. Hrbtenični kanal mora biti dovolj širok, da ne moti trnastih podaljškov hrbteničnih vretenc niti sistema vezi v konjevem hrbtu. Jahač se mora potem usesti na konja, da bi videl, ali je njegov sed pravilen – na primer, pri dresuri morajo biti rame, boki in pete v vertikalni liniji. En pogostih problemov je (zaradi nezadostnega oz. nepravilnega polnjenja sedelnih blazin), da se jahačev sed znajde predaleč nazaj. Poskus, s katerim bi to preprečili, je uporaba raznih podlog, ki pa večinoma nimajo efekta, saj se pena (oz. podobni materiali) tako stisne, da je debelina praktično nična. Poleg tega daje pena oz. guma “plavajoč” občutek na konjevem hrbtu. Tej situaciji se lahko ognemo s pravilnim polnenjem sedelnih blazin oz. s t.i. klinom v sedelnih blazinah (nem.: keilkissen), ko je potrebno sedlo zadaj dvigniti in s tem premakniti sed jahača bolj naprej.

Pravilno polnenje sedelnih blazin ne pomeni nujno več polnenja. Blazine so v svojem bistvu blazine (!) in preveč polnjenja (kar je enako slabo kot premalo) lahko otrdi blazino do te mere, da ta izgubi svojo učinkovitost. Pri pravilno prilegajočem se sedlu je vse, kar potrebujemo, tanka prešita podsedelnica, ki ščiti usnje. In nič drugega!

Predel, kjer sedlo nalega na konjev hrbet, je v osnovi raven. A če pogledamo svoje sedlo od spodaj, bomo mnogokrat videli, da so blazine precej zaobljene, kar povzroča guganje na konju. Blazine bi morale v osnovi biti ne le ravne (vsaj v prvih 2/3), ampak tudi dokaj široke, da maksimalno razporedijo težo po konjevem hrbtu.

V svojem sedlu pričakujmo udobje, enako pa bi moralo veljati za našega konja. Sedlo je vmesnik med vertikalnim elementom (jahačeva hrbtenica) in horizontalnim elementom (konjeva hrbtenica). Konec koncev je nakup sedla naša investicija v nekaj, kar nam bo pomagalo k jahalnim užitkom in ne v nekaj, s čimer se bomo borili, da bi delovalo!

Opombe:

1) Richardsen, J. Horse Tack (Complete Equipment for Riding and Driving). (New York, 1981).

Prevedel Sandi
Prevedeno po: Jochen Schleese: What to Watch for when buying a saddle, Sept. 2007 (www.schleese.com)

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